A Step-by-Step Guide to a Career in Speech-Language Pathology

If you enjoy helping others and are interested in communication and healthcare, becoming a speech-language pathologist (SLP) could be the perfect career. SLPs work with patients of all ages to treat speech, language, and swallowing problems. The need for SLPs is rapidly increasing—the US Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates that job growth will increase by 18% by 2033.

To become a speech-language pathologist, here are the steps on how to become a speech-language pathologist, including what degree you’ll need, the clinical training process, and licensure requirements.

What Does a Speech-Language Pathologist Do?

Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) assist individuals with speech, language, and swallowing issues. They assess and treat problems caused by developmental delays, injuries, illnesses, aging, or mental health conditions. SLPs deal with patients of all ages, including infants and the elderly, in schools, hospitals, and clinics.

Identifying Speech, Language, and Swallowing Problems

SLPs start by identifying the issue. They observe, interview, and use tests to assess speech, language, or swallowing difficulties. For example, swallowing problems can result from a stroke or neurological disorder. SLPs evaluate swallowing muscles and have patients perform specific movements and tasks to check their ability to swallow safely.

Providing Treatment

Once the issue is identified, SLPs create a personalized treatment plan. They rely on evidence-based practices, combining research, professional experience, and patient needs. This plan often includes therapy sessions, exercises, and strategies to improve speech and swallowing skills.

Helping Patients Cope

Living with speech disorders can be stressful. SLPs also help patients manage the emotional impact. They offer support, teach coping strategies, and involve families in the process. Sometimes, they refer patients to counselors or support groups to address feelings like anxiety or frustration.

Building Fluency

For patients who struggle with stuttering or slow speech, SLPs teach fluency techniques. These include breathing exercises, speaking in short sentences, and practicing smooth, confident speech. They aim to reduce hesitation and increase speaking confidence.

Essential Skills of a Speech-Language Pathologist

To become a speech therapist, you need strong communication, compassion, and problem-solving skills. Some of the most important skills include:

• Effective Listening
• Analytical Thinking
• Sound Judgment
• Flexibility
• Efficient Time Management
• Creativity and Leadership

How To Become a Speech-Language Pathologist

Becoming a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is a rewarding career that combines healthcare and communication. These steps will walk you through the speech pathologist degree requirements, training, and certification steps needed to pursue this path.

Step 1: Earn a Relevant Bachelor’s Degree

The first step in your journey to becoming a speech-language pathologist is earning a bachelor’s degree. While you don’t need a specific undergraduate major, choosing a degree in communication sciences, linguistics, psychology, or education can be beneficial. Certain universities offer pre-speech-language pathology programs to help prepare students for graduate studies.

Typical coursework in a bachelor’s program includes:

• Anatomy and physiology of speech and hearing
• Introduction to audiology
• Language development in children
• Phonetics and linguistics

These speech pathologist degree requirements are essential before advancing to graduate-level study.

Step 2: Complete a Master’s Degree in Speech-Language Pathology

As part of your speech pathology schooling, you must complete a graduate program; be sure it is approved by the Council on Academic Accreditation (CAA) in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) maintains a list of approved schools that you can consult for assistance.

A master’s program teaches you how to treat speech, language, and swallowing issues. Courses cover evidence-based treatments, speech sound production, cognitive aspects of communication, and how to recognize abnormal development. You’ll also study ethics and ASHA’s code of ethics.

Besides coursework, you’ll complete at least 400 hours of supervised clinical practice. Most programs take around two years to finish.

Step 3: Passing the Praxis Exam in Speech-Language Pathology

To become a licensed speech-language pathologist, you must pass the Praxis exam. This exam tests the essential skills needed for your career. It is also required for state licensure and certification after completing your master’s degree.

For you to qualify for the exam, you must have completed an accredited master’s program in speech-language pathology. ASHA’s Council for Clinical Certification (CFCC) scores the exam, but passing requirements vary by state. Keep in mind that state requirements may differ from those needed for ASHA’s Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC-SLP).

Step 4: Obtain Important Professional Certifications

Once you complete your education, you’ll need to finish a Clinical Fellowship (CF). This 36-week guided internship provides hands-on experience before you begin practicing on your own. You’ll spend the majority of your time working directly with clients, with some time dedicated to training or continuing education. A mentor is required in some states to get licensed and is necessary for earning your CCC-SLP certification.

If you want to specialize, consider earning a board-certified specialty (BCS) certification through ASHA. Specialties include:

• Fluency and Fluency Disorders
• Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders
• Child Language and Language Disorders
• Other organizations provide certifications for certain medical conditions.

Step 5: Starting Your Career

When you’re ready to begin your career, find a CF mentor in a work setting that aligns with your goals. If you’re unsure where to work or which population to focus on, connect with professionals in the field and explore different options.

Gaining Clinical Experience

Your clinical fellowship is a chance to transition from student to professional. Use this time to learn and build skills in your chosen area. For example:

• If you want to work with children, get experience in schools.
• If you’re interested in treating neurological disorders, seek opportunities in hospitals or nursing homes.

Step 6: Networking in Speech Pathology

Networking is a powerful way to learn more about the field and find job opportunities. You can connect with other professionals on LinkedIn, join speech pathology groups, attend conferences, or participate in online meet-ups. Developing relationships early in your career will facilitate your growth and provide access to new opportunities.

How Much Does a Speech-Language Pathologist Make?

A speech-language pathologist’s average annual salary in the United States is $89,060, or approximately $42.93 per hour. Pay can vary based on factors like certifications, location, work setting, and employer.

Speech-language pathologists work in hospitals, private practices, nursing homes, schools, or as self-employed freelancers.

• Nursing homes: Highest salaries, around $99,340 per year.
• Schools: Lower salaries, averaging $75,270 per year.
• Self-employed: Earnings depend on your client base and services. Offering in-home or online sessions can increase your income.

Making a Difference as a Speech-Language Pathologist

Speech-language pathology isn’t just about fixing speech or swallowing issues—it’s about restoring confidence and helping people connect with the world again. As the demand for SLPs grows, it reflects a deeper societal shift toward prioritizing communication and quality of life. For those who value both science and compassion, this career offers the rare chance to bridge clinical expertise with personal impact, making each day both challenging and profoundly rewarding.